The Stolen Party: Literature Analysis

Idiomatic English

Informal English Informal English Informal English By Maeve Maddox In light of the When to utilize ‘on’ and when to utilize ‘in post about relational words, Francesco Mapelli composes: I still dont get the He was not thinking great on that event. For what reason is in wrong here? At the danger of sounding unhelpful, the main response to this perplexity is that on that event is colloquial English and in that event isn't. Then again, we can say in that example, while it would be unidiomatic to state on that occurrence. In his eminent A Dictionary of Modern English Usage, H. W. Fowler characterized an informal articulation as one that is normal for a typical Englishman to state or compose. He proceeded to state that colloquial English isn't really linguistic or ungrammatical. Some of the time informal use concurs with expressed guidelines, and some of the time it doesnt. The two, sentence structure and figure of speech, are two separate classifications. Here and there they concur, and some of the time they dont. It isn't important to comprehend a figure of speech. It is just important to acknowledge it. My starting French understudies regularly shouted at French figures of speech like Jai 17 ans (truly, I have 17 years). They needed to decipher such developments truly, and afterward whined that the outcome sounded silly in English. I worked hardusually unsuccessfullyto persuade them that French isn't some entertaining type of English. French will be French, and in French, Jai 17 ans is right and Je suis 17 ans is garbage. Colloquial articulations of each sort in Englsh are quickly evolving. Here are a few models from my assortment of prepositional use in the media: living under re-appropriated time. (living on re-appropriated time) Stonehenge has spiritualist intrigue to the British individuals. (claim for the English individuals) Then again, we state that image advances to me. outsiders have been infringing into Korean waters. (infringing on) The IRS isn't worried about the circumstances in which these minors will be come back to. This one is ungrammatical just as unidiomatic. It should peruse: The IRS isn't worried about the circumstances to which these minors will be returned. A few powers are grinding away to change English figures of speech. One is absence of thoughtfulness regarding showing customary writing and use in the state funded school study hall. School managers as a gathering don't esteem language guidance. A considerable lot of them dismiss their own linguistic mistakes or absence of recognition with abstract works of art by suggesting that such issues are the worry of English educators as it were. Barely any Americans read for amusement. We are a film-arranged culture. Well known TV programs like Seinfeld spread nonstandard provincial utilizations, for example, looking out for line for holding up in line (in the feeling of holding up in a line). Mainstream perspectives about close to home freedom compare semantic rightness with elitism or social abuse. At last, somewhat, the syntactic shows of different dialects discover their way into English by method of our assorted populace. From numerous points of view a language shapes the considerations of the individuals who talk it, however the speakers likewise shape the language. In the event that enough individuals begin saying or composing a specific articulation, it will get informal. The Stonehenge model above shows how figures of speech can change by similarity with different sayings. Language is going to change from age to age regardless. In the event that it changes too quickly, the conventional writing is lost. Scarcely any read Chaucer for entertainment only any longer. Shakespeares works must be concentrated with a glossary. Secondary school understudies battle with Great Expectations, and some entering undergrads experience difficulty understanding the papers of George Orwell. Authors have a duty to peruse generally in the writing of the language wherein they decide to compose. They have the benefit of advancement, be that as it may, in light of a legitimate concern for progression and conceivability, they can utilize the benefit sensibly. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Grammar class, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:What Is Irony? (With Examples)40 Synonyms for â€Å"Different†How to Address Your Elders, Your Doctor, Young Children... what's more, Your CEO

Why Carnegie Mellon Essay Samples Is So Important

Why Carnegie Mellon Essay Samples Is So ImportantThe purpose of the Carnegie Mellon essay samples is to give you the 'thinking out loud' that you need in order to come up with your own essays. Using the Carnegie Mellon essay samples will give you the inspiration and the confidence that you need to write the best essays you have ever written!The purpose of writing an essay is to communicate in a way that the reader will not understand anything more than what you can say in that one sentence. In order to write an excellent essay, you need to use logic, you need to think out loud, and you need to be creative! These three traits will lead you to produce the best essay that you ever produced.In this day and age, we are more serious writers than ever before. We may use rhetoric and other techniques in our writing, but we will not spend much time studying philosophy, psychology, or history.And we are certainly not concerned with such things as building up our characters, or making sure that we are presenting our physical aspects correctly. When we are writing, we expect a 'blow-by-blow' account of events, a straight and simple account of the actions of others, and the barest of facts.This is a wonderful idea, but unfortunately it is a concept that have been long dead. We live in a time where we consider the truth of an issue to be an extremely subjective issue. In our times, the results of the way that one person feels about another is just as valid as the results of the other person feeling about the first person.In our time, the facts of life are no longer considered to be facts. Instead, the facts that matter most are feelings, not facts.That is the inspiration behind the purpose of these essay samples. The motivation for writing an essay is not that you have to present your facts to the reader, but rather, that you need to use the writer's instinct to determine what to say in a way that you will not be bothered by what others might say.And finally, the only intere sting and inspiring part of writing an essay is to have the result of that work is interesting and inspirational to other people. The reason that you need to use the Carnegie Mellon essay samples is to get you started on the path of creating that quality work of art.

Nursing Refugee Women - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3244 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Medicine Essay Type Essay any type Tags: Refugee Essay Did you like this example? Australia has a large and expanding population of people from a refugee background à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" referred to as refugees. Refugees in general, and refugee women in particular, have distinctive and diverse health needs which require complex and conscientious responses from nurses and health systems. In the context of nursing refugee women in Australia, this paper will explore the need for cultural safety in nursing. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Nursing Refugee Women" essay for you Create order It will then analyse the negative impacts of culturally unsafe nursing practices and health systems in Australia on refugees and refugee women. Finally, it will discuss how culturally safe nursing practice can (and should) be achieved in Australia to improve the health outcomes of refugee women and others of diverse backgrounds. The Nursing Council of New Zealand (2002: p. 7), which developed the concept of cultural safety, defines it as the effective nursing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ [care] of a person or family from another culture, [as] determined by that person or family. Fundamentally, culturally safe nursing practice focuses on supporting diverse people to effectively access and engage with mainstream biomedical health systems, and so reducing the high rates of poor physical and psychological mental health outcomes in these populations (Johnstone Kanitsaki, 2007). Culturally safe nursing practice achieves this by attempting to deconstruct the inequitable power relationships between p atients and health providers and systems, which are a significant barrier to health access and engagement for socio-culturally vulnerably groups (Anderson et al., 2003; Woods, 2010). This is achieved through a focus on culture. However, culturally safe practice does not involve nurses learning others cultures; indeed, diversity both between and among cultures is too significant to allow a nurse to do this meaningfully (Woods, 2010). Instead, culturally safe nursing involves a nurse reflecting on their own culture and on the legitimacy of others cultures in the context of the nursing care they provide (Mortensen, 2010). Belfrage (2007) notes that cultural safety underpins the provision of the most effective health practice and systems for diverse groups in Australia. This is particularly true in the context of refugee health. The United Nations 1951 Refugee Convention, Article 1(A)2, defines a refugee as any person residing outside their country of nationality or residence due to fear of persecution (UNHCR, 2015). As a signatory to this Convention Australia has an obligation to assist with the resettlement of refugees, including a special category of refugees referred to women at risk (Australian Law Reform Commission, 2015; Parliament of Australia, 2015b). In 2013-14, Australia resettled a total of 6500 refugees, approximately 3.2% of its total migrant intake (Parliament of Australia, 2015b). The majority of these refugees were from Afghanistan (39%), with significant numbers also from Myanmar (18%) and Iraq (13%) (Parliament of Australia, 2015b). In response to the Syrian refugee crisis, in 2015-16 Australia will significantly increase its intake of refugees within existing humanitarian quotas (Parliament of Australia, 2015a). Under the Migration Regulation 1994 Australia allocates 12% of its humanitarian quota to women at risk, and in 2013-14 granted over 1000 visas to women at risk (Parliament of Australia, 2015b). This program highlights the fact that r efugee women are particularly vulnerable to the effects of conflict and persecution (Federal Minister for Women, 2014). Refugees in general, and refugee women in particular, have unique and diverse health profiles (Hadgkiss Renzaho, 2014: p. 157). Though refugees make up a very small part of the overall Australian population, it is essential that nurses are aware of refugees health needs and their complex sociocultural determinants if culturally safe health care is to be provided. In a seminal work on refugee health in Australia (examining the health of refugee children specifically), Davidson et al. (2004) report that a significant number of refugees arrive in Australia with complex health needs. The psychological issues experienced by refugees are well-recognised. Exposure to trauma leaves many refugees à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" up to 60% in one Australian study à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" with complex psychological sequelae, including impairments to memory function and debilitating dissociat ive reactions (Alvin Tay et al., 2013). Nickerson et al. (2014) reports that up to 25% of refugees receive a psychological diagnosis of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and 16% of these people also have disorders related to grief. Costa (2007) highlights that refugee women in particular face an increased risk of psychological morbidity related to trauma underpinned by conflict, persecution and forced resettlement. For example, one study found that the gender discrimination experienced by a large number of refugee women is positively correlated with increased incidence of traumatic disorders (including PTSD) and increased risk of suicidality (Kira et al., 2010). It is important to note that issues related to gender, including roles and access, may also limit a refugee womans health-seeking behaviours related to mental illness (OMahony Donnelly, 2013). In addition to mental illness, a large number of refugees à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" up to 77% in some reports à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" al so experience physical illness; indeed, Hadgkiss and Renzaho (2014) note that poor mental health is strongly correlated with poor physical health in refugee populations. Physical illnesses which are particularly prevalent in refugee populations include dental disease, non-specific migraine, musculoskeletal pain and disorders of the integumentary, respiratory and gastrointestinal systems (Hadgkiss Renzaho, 2014). There is also a high prevalence of infectious disease in refugee populations, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), active tuberculosis, Hepatitis B and C and chronic gastrointestinal infections (Hadgkiss Renzaho, 2014). Costa (2007) notes that refugee women are disproportionately affected by nutritional deficiencies and anaemia, and a sequelae of physical and psychological issues related to gender-based violence. Refugee women experience higher rates of complex gynaecological and obstetric conditions, are more likely to have been sexually assaulted and are more li kely to have had an unwanted pregnancy and / or abortion than other women in host countries (Goosen et al., 2009; Kurth et al., 2010). The myriad of complex health issues faced by refugees highlights the importance of host countries health systems being responsive to refugees health needs through the provision of culturally safe care and services. However, there is evidence to suggest this is not being achieved in the Australian context; indeed, Johnstone and Kanitsaki (2007) conclude that cultural safety is both poorly understood and lacks currency in Australias mainstream health contexts (Johnstone Kanitsaki, 2007). This leads to culturally unsafe nursing practices. The Nursing Council of New Zealand (2002: p. 7) define this as compris[ing] any action which diminishes, demeans or disempowers the cultural identity and wellbeing of an individual, either overtly and intentionally or otherwise. There are many examples of culturally unsafe practice relating to refugees in the Au stralian context. For example, many refugees, both in Australia and elsewhere, perceive themselves to be discriminated against by health staff in their host countries à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" a key aspect of culturally unsafe practice. Multiple studies report on such issues à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" including refugees perceptions of denial or provision of poorer-quality care on the basis of race and / or immigration status (Bhatia Wallace, 2007; ODonnell et al., 2007; ODonnell et al., 2008; Wahoush, 2009; Bernardes et al., 2010; Kokanovich Stone, 2010; Asgary Segar, 2011). This is particularly problematic in terms of the provision of mental health services for refugees in Australia; indeed, Newman et al. (2008) highlight that Australian health workers frequently devalue and deligitimise refugees experiences of mental illness à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" for example, by dismissing the self-harm behaviours of refugees in immigration detention as being politically-motivated. Hadgkiss and Renzaho (2014) re port a high level of medical mistrust among refugee populations, underpinned by issues such as a fear of financial exploitation and that health information will be used to inform decisions about asylum status (Kokanovic Stone, 2010; Asgary Segar, 2011). Covert institutional racism is recognised to be a significant problem in Australian health settings, and this is underpinned by the prejudicial and discriminative attitudes towards refugees which are pervasive in wider Australian society (Henry et al., 2004; Davidson et al., 2008; Johnstone Kanitsaki, 2008). This systemic trauma compounds the health issues of refugees settled in Australia, and is a particular problem for women. Indeed, one Australian study found that women with vulnerabilities related to social adversity were substantially more likely to experience inequalities in health access (in this study, in the context of perinatal care specifically) (Yelland et al., 2012). In addition to culturally unsafe nursing practic es, the provision of culturally unsafe health services is a particular problem for refugees in Australia. As noted by Renzaho et al. (2013) the health systems in host countries are often poorly-equipped to manage the complex health, linguistic and cultural needs of refugee populations (Renzaho et al., 2013). It is well-recognised that Australias mainstream biomedical health system is highly Eurocentric, disempowering because of its exclusivity and repressive of the fundamental social dimensions of health (Willis Elmer, 2007). Additionally, the biomedical model of health may be incompatible with refugees diverse perceptions of health, focusing instead on a limited pathological definition of disease and a reductionist distinction between physical and mental health (Willis Elmer 2007). Again, this is particularly problematic in terms of the provision of refugee mental health services; for example, Savy Sawyer (2008) present evidence for the considerably limited culturally safe treat ment options in Australia for refugees suffering acute mental illness. These issues may result in refugees exclusion from or disengagement with health services (Correa-Velez et al., 2013). Indeed, there is evidence to suggest that refugees engagement with health services is poor; in a European study, Bischoff et al. (2009) found that refugees attend far fewer than the average number of consultations, and that their cost to the health system of their host country was just half that of others in host countries. There is minimal current data available on the engagement of refugee women specifically with health services; however, one study suggests that refugee women are 40% less likely than other women in host countries to attend health screening (in this case for Papanicolaou testing, a common screen for cervical cancer) (Rogstad Dale, 2004). Refugees exclusion from and disengagement with health services feeds into the cycle of poor physical and mental health outcomes in this populat ion. Woods (2010) notes that nurses have a critical role to play in deconstructing the power imbalances which exist between patients and health providers, and which often result in the provision of culturally unsafe care à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" thereby promoting refugees access to and engagement with health services in a culturally safe way. The Nursing Council of New Zealand (2002: p. 7) highlights that culturally safe nursing practice is underpinned by nurses hav[ing] undertaken a process of reflection on [their] cultural identity and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ recognis[ing] the impact that [their] personal culture has on [their] professional practice. Here, the notion of culture extends beyond the traditional definition of the term as a system of worldviews, value systems and lifestyles based on shared race or ethnicity, and instead culture is considered as a complex, changing concept underpinned by factors such as individual experiences, gender and social position, etc. (Woods, 2010). It is important to note that achieving culturally safe nursing is an ongoing process of continuous reflection (Ogunsiji et al. 2007). Given the covert but pervasive negative views of refugees in Australian health systems and wider society (Henry et al., 2004; Davidson et al., 2008; Johnstone Kanitsaki, 2008), reflecting on ones own culture in this way is a particularly important aspect of providing culturally safe health care to refugees. In addition to reflecting on their own culture, a nurse must also reflect on the cultures of others à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" but should do so in the context of cultural relativism. Cultural relativism is a sociological theory which posits that all cultures are, and therefore must be recognised as, equally valid and legitimate forms of human expression (Kottak, 2004). Cultural relativism is particularly important when caring for refugees, including refugee women, who engage in unfamiliar and challenging health practices, one example of which is ritualised g enital cutting (also referred to as female genital mutilation). Many refugee women from parts of Africa and the Middle East perceive genital cutting to be an important cultural practice and fundamental to their identity, role and beliefs, however the mainstream biomedical health system in Australia denounces and reproves the practice (Ogunsiji et al. 2007). If such issues are not dealt with sensitively and approaches à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" from both nurses and the health system à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" balanced through the application of principles of cultural relativism, refugee women may disengage from health services (Ogunsiji et al. 2007). As noted, disengagement drives the cycle of poor physical and mental health outcomes for refugees in Australia. Australia has a large refugee population which is predicted to increase significantly in the coming years. Refugees in general, and refugee women in particular, have distinctive and diverse health needs which require complex and conscientio us responses from nurses and health systems. In the context of nursing refugee women in Australia, this paper has explored the need for cultural safety in nursing. It has also analysed the negative impacts of culturally unsafe nursing practices and health systems in Australia on refugees, with a focus on refugee women. Finally, it was discussed how culturally safe nursing practice can (and should) be achieved in Australia to improve the health outcomes of refugee women and others of diverse backgrounds. References Alvin Tay, K, Frommer, N, Hunter, J, Silove, D, Pearson, L, Roque, MS et al. 2013, A mixed-method study of expert psychological evidence submitted for a cohort of asylum seekers undergoing refugee determination status in Australia, Social Science Medicine, vol. 98, no. 1, pp. 106-115. Anderson, J, Perry, J, Blue, G, Browne, A, Henderson, A, Khan, KB et al. 2003, Rewriting cultural safety within the postcolonial and postnational feminist project: Toward new epistemologies of healing, Advances in Nursing Science, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 196-214. Asgary, R Segar, N 2011, Barriers to health care access among refugee asylum seekers, Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 506-522. Australian Law Reform Commission 2015, Refugee law: Refugee law in Australia, viewed 30 September, https://www.alrc.gov.au/publications/22-refugee-law/refugee-law-australia-0 Belfrage, M 2007, Why culturally safe health care?, Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 186, n o. 10, pp. 537-538. Bernardes, D, Wright, J, Edwards, C, Tomkins, H Difoz, D 2010, Asylum seekers perspectives on their mental health and views on health and social services: Contributions for service provision using a mixed-methods approach, International Journal of Migrant Health Social Care, vol. 6, no 4, pp. 3-19. Bhatia, R Wallace, P 2007, Experiences of refugees and asylum seekers in general practice: A qualitative study, BMC Family Practice, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 48-58. Bischoff, A, Denhaerynck, K, Schneider, M, Battegay, E Sendi, P 2009, Do asylum seekers consume more health care resources? Some evidence from Switzerland. Pharmacoeconomics Health Economics Journal, vol. 1, no, 1, pp. 3-8. Correa-Velez, I, Spaaij, R Upham, S 2013, We are not here to claim better services than any other: Social exclusion among men from refugee backgrounds in urban and regional Australia, Journal of Refugee Studies, vol. 26, no. 2, pp. 163-170. Costa, D 2007, Health care of re fugee women, Australian Family Physician, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 151-154. Davidson, N, Skull, S, Chaney, G, Frydenberg, A, Jones, C, Isaacs et al. 2004, Comprehensive health assessment for newly arrived refugee children in Australia, Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, vol. 40, no. 9-10, pp. 562-568. Davidson, G, Murray, K Schweitzer, R 2008, Review of refugee mental health and wellbeing: Australian perspectives, Australian Psychologist, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 160-174. Federal Minister for Women 2014, SSI women at risk forum, retrieved 30 September 2015, https://minister.women.gov.au/media/2014-07-11/ssi-women-risk-forum Goosen, S, Uitenbroek, D, Wijsen, C Stronks, K 2009, Induced abortions and teenage births among asylum seekers in The Netherlands: Analysis of national surveillance data, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, vol. 63, no. 7, pp. 528-533. Hadgkiss, EJ Renzaho, AM 2014, The physical health status, service utilisation and barriers to accessing care for asylum seekers residing in the community: A systematic review of the literature, Australian Health Review, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 142-159. Henry, BR, Houston, S Mooney, GH 2004, Institutional racism in Australian healthcare: A plea for decency, Medical Journal of Australia, vol. 180, no. 10, pp. 517-520. Johnstone, MJ Kanitsaki, O 2007, An exploration of the notion and nature of the construct of cultural safety and its applicability to the Australian health care context, Journal of Transcultural Nursing, vol. 18, no. 3, pp 247-256. Johnstone, MJ Kanitsaki, O 2008, Cultural racism, language prejudice and discrimination in hospital contexts: An Australian study, Diversity in Health Social Care, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 19-30. Kira, IA, Smith, I, Lewandowski, L Thomas, T 2010, The effects of gender discrimination on refugee torture survivors: A cross-cultural traumatology perspective, Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 299-306. Kokanovic, R Stone, M 2010, Doctors and other dangers: Bosnian refugee narratives of suffering and survival in Western Australia, Social Theory Health, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 350-369. Kottak, C 2004, Anthropology: The exploration of human diversity (10th edn.), McGraw Hill, New York. Kurth, E, Jaeger, FN, Zemp, E, Tschudin, S Bischoff, A 2010, Reproductive health care for asylum-seeking women: A challenge for health professionals, BMC Public Health, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 659-672. Mortensen, A 2010, Cultural safety: Does the theory work in practice for culturally and linguistically diverse groups?, Nursing Praxis in New Zealand, vol. 26, no, 3. pp. 6-16. Newman, LK, Dudley, M Steel, Z 2008, Asylum, detention and mental health in Australia, Refugee Survey Quarterly, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 110-127. Nickerson, A, Liddell, BJ, McCallum, F, Steel, Z, Silove, D Bryant, R 2014, Posttraumatic stress disorder and prolonged grief in refugees exposed to trauma and loss, BMC Psychi atry, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 106-126. Nursing Council of New Zealand 2002, Guidelines for cultural safety, the treaty of Waitangi, and Maori health in nursing and midwifery education and practice, viewed 30 September 2015, https://www.nursingcouncil.org.nz/Publications/Standards-and-guidelines-for-nurses ODonnell, CA, Higgins, M, Chauhan, R Mullen, K 2007, They think were OK and we know were not: A qualitative study of asylum seekers access, knowledge and views to health care in the UK, BMC Health Services Research, no. 7, vol. 1, pp. 75-94. ODonnell, CA, Higgins, M, Chauhan, R Mullen, K 2008, Asylum seekers expectations of and trust in general practice: A qualitative study, British Journal of General Practice, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 557-569. Ogunsiji, OO, Wilkes, L Jackson, D 2007, Female genital mutilation: Origin, beliefs, prevalence and implications for health care workers caring for immigrant women in Australia, Contemporary Nurse, vol. 25, no. 1-2, pp. 22-30. OMaho ny, JM Donnelly, TT 2013, How does gender influence immigrant and refugee womens postpartum depression help-seeking experiences?, Journal of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 714-725. Parliament of Australia 2015a, Australias response to the Syrian refugee crisis, viewed 30 September, https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/FlagPost/2015/September/Syrian_refugees Parliament of Australia 2015b, Refugee resettlement in Australia: What are the facts?, viewed 30 September, https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1415/RefugeeResettlement Renzaho, A, Polonsy, M, McQuilten, Z Waters, N 2013, Demographic and socio-cultural correlates of medical mistrust in two Australian states: Victoria and South Australia, Health Place, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 216-224 Rogstad, KE Dale, H 2004, What are the needs of asylum seekers attending an STI clinic and are they s ignificantly different from those of British patients?, International Journal of STD AIDS, vol. 15, no. 8, pp. 515-518. Savy, P Sawyer, A 2009, Risk, suffering and competing narratives in the psychiatric assessment of an Iraqi refugee, Culture, Medicine Psychiatry, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 84-101. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) 2015, The 1951 Refugee Convention, viewed 30 September, https://www.unhcr.org/3b66c2aa10.html Wahoush, EO 2009, Equitable health care access: The experience of refugee and refugee claimant mothers with an ill preschooler, Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 186-206. Willis, K Elmer, S 2007, Society, culture and health: An introduction to sociology for nurses, Oxford University Press, Melbourne. Woods, M 2010, Cultural safety and the socioethical nurse, Nursing Ethics, vol. 17, no. 6, pp. 715-725. Yelland, JS, Sutherland, GA Brown, SJ 2012, Womens experience of discrimination in Australian perinata l care: The double disadvantage of social adversity and unequal care, Birth: Issues in Perinatal Care, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 211-220.

The Key Differences Between Organic Foods And Gmos

This paper begins by providing key information and terms for the argument to provide a basic understand of concepts of the key differences between organic foods and GMOs. The topics discussed in this paper will include, but will not be limited to: safety regarding human consumption, regulatory controls, and how these two different products are produced. To provide an overview of these important topics, a distinct contrast will be made. The paper concludes with an overview of the topics discussed and key ideas which can aid in a solution of the argument given. The abbreviation GMO refers to a technique used to produce an organism or microorganism, by genetically engineering it. In today’s modern world, scientists are most commonly using†¦show more content†¦166). Even though such studies might be compelling, these findings need further research to fully understand the effects of consumption. When the effects of consuming organic foods are examined, a different outcome is discovered. According to Huber, Rembialkowska, Srednicka, Vijver (2011), a large-scale study named PARSIFAL concluded: children which consumed organic foods (regularly) showed lower allergenic rates as well as lower body weights when compared to traditional or engineered foods (Huber, Rembialkowska, Srednicka, Vijver 2011). With further research, other positive results are discovered. Specifically, a study produced by Princeton reviled that consuming organic foods lowered risks from chemical contamination, supplemental hormones, and antibiotic risks (â€Å"Greening Princeton†, n.d.). In contrast to GMOs, consuming organic foods were directly linked to positive results, which helps solidify the argument that they are a safer and healthier option over engineered foods. 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Business and Corporation Law Contract Law and Dispute Resolution

Question: Discuss about the Business and Corporation Law for Contract Law and Dispute Resolution. Answer: 1.a):Issue: In this situation, when Jane goes to overseas than she offers her sports car to Jack. This car is in good condition with market value of around $25000. Jack accepts this offer. Now, purpose of this discussion is to determine, whether consideration is present in given situation or not and also to ascertain the legally enforceability of agreement. Rules: In a contract, the agreement will be enforceable, if consideration between two parties is available (Denney, 2011). Consideration is an important aspect to make a contract valid. In Australian contract law, consideration is a price that one party makes a promise to buy other partys promise. If one party offers to other party, but the consideration is not present in given case than the agreement cannot be enforceable by law. Evidence: In September 2003, Paul as a seller and Steiner as a buyer entered in to an agreement. In this agreement Paul agreed to sell his 10-acre real property in $500000 and Steiner accepted this offer. The agreement is provided on Steiners own expenses for necessary permits from the government. Mr. Steiner pursued approvals and permits by spending of $60000. After one year, Mr. Paul decided that he will not go longer to sell property and instructed to terminate the agreement. Steiner sued on Paul to enforce the agreement but the court gave decision in favor of seller, because the agreement was unenforceable due to not support by consideration (Gibson Dunn, 2016). Conclusion: In the given case, when Jane goes to overseas, than she only offers to give her car to Jack. In this offer, the information related to offer price is not available. Here, only market value of car is available, but not the quoted price by Jane. So, there is no consideration in given case. The acceptance is not enough to make agreement enforceable. Therefore, the agreement is not enforceable according to law. b):Issue: In second situation, Jane offers her sport car to Jack for $25000 and Jack accepts this offer. Here, the issue is to ascertain presence of consideration and legality of agreement between both parties. Rules: An agreement will be enforceable, if the offer, consideration, and free acceptance are available between two parties (Ehrlich, 2011). If the there is absence of any these aspects, than the agreement will be not enforceable according to law. Evidence: Mr. Balfour and Mrs. Balfour lived in England on a vacation. Mrs. Balfour remained in England for a medical treatment and Mr. Balfour agreed to send a specific monthly amount of money to Mrs. Balfour until she come return. But, Mrs. Balfour sued for compensation to equal amount of the income and Mr. Balfour agreed to send. After five months Mrs. Balfour granted an order for child support. The court gave judgment in favor of Mrs. Balfour because, Mr. Balfours promise to send the money was enforceable by law and the consent was sufficient consideration for the agreement (Lawnix, 2015). Conclusion: In case of Jane and Jack, Jane offers her sports car to Jack for $25000. Jack accepts this offer. In this situation, offered price of $25000 is a consideration for Jane. At the same time, car is consideration for Jack. So, it can be concluded that offer, consideration, and acceptance are clearly available in given situation. Therefore, agreement between Jane and Jack is enforceable by law. c): Issue: Here, Jane offers to sell her Lotus Super car to Jack for $2500. But, the market value of this type of car is around $25000. Jack accepts this offer. In this case, issue is that whether consideration is present and whether both parties are legally bounded by the agreement or not. Rule: If in a case, the consideration between two parties is inadequate but, the offer and acceptance are clearly defined than the agreement will be enforceable according to law (McKendrick and Liu, 2015). It is because a consideration will be valid consideration, if it has some economic value for the party. This offer is accepted by other party and communicated in proper way. So, to enforce an agreement, consideration must be sufficient and not required to be adequate. Evidence: In case of Wakeling Vs Ripley (1951), the defendant lived alone in Sydney. The plaintiffs were his sister and sisters husband, who was lecturer in Cambridge University. The defendant wrote to his sister to convince her and her husband to live with him. He also promised that he will leave all his property upon his death and he will provide a home for live. The plaintiffs become agreed on the basis of this consideration. The husband resigned his lectureship and came to live with defendant. After one year, parties quarreled and the defendants break his promise. He disinherited the plaintiffs and sold his house. The plaintiffs sued in court on defendantand awarded 12000 as compensation. In this case, the defendant become liable for consideration, because he promised to plaintiffs that showed the agreement had bound both parties to follow the consideration according to law. Consequently, the defendant was liable for the breach of the agreement and the agreement was enforceable b y law (Contract law, 2013). Conclusion: It can be concluded that consideration is present in given case. Event through, this consideration is inadequate but, it has an economic value in the eyes of law and Jack performs activity in terms of accepting the agreement, which is essential for a valid consideration. This consideration is also offered and accepted by both parties with proper communication. Therefore, this agreement is enforceable by law. 2. Issue: In this case, the shipbuilder and northern ocean tankers agree upon a contract to build a tanker. This contract was signed in US dollar but in this case there was no provision regarding the fluctuation of currency. The United State currency was devaluated after the completion of half of the work. By the devaluation of currency, the shipbuilder stands out with a loss and he was demanding for the payment of excess amount of US$3 million, otherwise he would stop the work. Northern ocean tankers reluctantly agreed to pay more, because he already booked a charter to deliver on time. Now, the northern ocean tanker company wants to recover the excess amount after the nine month of delivery. Here the problem in this case is to identify, whether the buyer can recover the excess amount or not. Analysis: In this above case, there is valid contract and consideration is also present, because of the free intention of both parties. In this case, any provision related to currency fluctuation, was not expressed in at the time of contract. In this case the shipbuilder forced to northern ocean tanker to pay excess amount so, the duress law is applicable. This contract is void contract, but at the time of currency fluctuation, shipbuilder threatens to northern ocean tanker to pay US$3 Million. Duress Law: Duress can be defined as the situation, in which one party is agreed upon a contract by force or unlawful constraint by another party (Stim, 2011). Northern ocean tankers came into contract with shipbuilders by the illegal force. In this contract, free consent was not present at the time of paying excess amount due to currency fluctuation by northern ocean tankers. So the contract is voidable. In this case, the northern ocean tanker did not entered into contract voluntarily. In duress law, illegitimate threats are involved. In a contract duress arises when one party threaten to another party to sign a contract. Duress law protects the interest of threatened party which enters into an unlawful contract. The actor of duress has no chances to escape by the order of law. According to the duress law, if a contract is signed under the duress, this contract is declared as invalid by court (Eidenmuller, 2011). Mainly duress can be of three types such as duress to person, duress to goods and economic duress, these are discussed as follows: Duress to Person: Duress to person can be explained as threat or violate to a person to enter into a contract, whether it is lawful or not in the eyes of law. In this case, a person needs to agree upon a contract by pressure of another party. This type of contract is not enforceable by law. Duress to person arises, when any person or company is forced to act according to the will of against party in the contract. Duress to Goods: Duress to goods can be defined as a situation, when any property or goods is damaged or seized by another party to come into the contract (Waddams, 2011). The defended party needs to enter into contract; otherwise his property or goods are not released. Duress of goods is an unlawful pressure by the actor party. In case of duress to goods, the defended party only needs to demonstrate that the threat was only reason to agree on that contract. The defendant party can recover the loss by filing a case on the other party. In this type of duress, there is a lack of genuine consent of the both party. Economic Duress: Economic duress is generally addressed in the commercial contracts. It can be defined as the economic pressure by one party to another to force them to form the contract (Meiners et al., 2011). This type of economic duress includes the financial pressure by a party to threaten another party. Economic duress is accepted by a party, because the party has no other alternatives. In given case, economic duress is made by shipbuilder on the northern ocean tankers to pay the excess amount of US$3 million, otherwise shipbuilder would not deliver the tanker on time. Due to economic pressure, northern ocean tankers paid the excess amount to the shipbuilder. In this case shipbuilder forced buyer to pay more money, otherwise he will breach the contract. On the basis of analysis the case, it can be said that buyer have a right to recover the excess amount from the shipbuilder, because northern ocean tanker agreed the condition of shipbuilder due to economic duress. According to the contract law, in a contract only one partys benefit is not legal, there should be mutual benefit for parties. In this situation, buyer has a right to recover the extra money that was paid by him (Butler et al., 2013). In this case the buyer has a right to recover the exceed money, but not sure because of the long time has been passed away. Related Case: North Ocean Shipping v Hyundai Construction In this case, Hyundai Construction and North Ocean Shipping Company signed a contract to build a ship and payment needs to be made in American dollar. After the paying first installment the American dollar devalued by 10 percent. At this time Hyundai threaten the North Ocean Shipping Company to pay additional money, otherwise it would not deliver the ship. Therefore North Ocean paid the extra amount to the ship builder. After 8 months of time, North Ocean claimed for the losses, but court failed the provide claim due to passage of long time from incident and claimants failure to claim on quick basis. North Ocean could not recover the extra money paid by him to Hyundai. Conclusion: On the basis of above analysis, it can be concluded that North Ocean has a right to claim for the payment, which was paid due to the currency devaluation. The company has the right to recover the excess money, because threat under economic duress was created by Hyundai. But, still the company cannot recover the extra payment paid to Hyundai construction, as it didnt sued at right time. For instance the same situation arose with North Ocean Shipping and Hyundai construction. In this case, court has dismissed the claim of party due to failure to quickly sue the default party. Reference Bailey, I. H. and Bell, M. (2011) Construction Law in Australia. Australia: Thomson Reuters Australia. Butler, D.A., Christensen, S., Dixon, B. and Willmott, L. (2013)Contract Law Case Book. Oxford University Press. Contract law (2013) Wakeling v Ripley. [Online], Available at: https://contractlaw-courtney.weebly.com/intent-to-create-legal-relations.html (Accessed: 20 August 2016). Denney, J. (2011) Respect and Consideration. USA: Lulu.com. Ehrlich, R. (2011) A Little Consideration. UK: Author House. Eidenmuller, H. (2011) Regulatory Competition in Contract Law and Dispute Resolution. UK: Bloomsbury Publishiung. Gibson Dunn (2016) California Supreme Court Decision Provides Framework for Real Property Purchase Agreements in California. [Online], Available at: https://www.gibsondunn.com/publications/pages/CaliforniaSupremeCtRealPropertyAgreements.aspx (Accessed: 20 August 2016). Janig, R. (2012) Commercial Law: Selected Essays on the Law of Obligation, insolvency and arbitration. Lawnix (2015) Balfour v. Balfour Case Brief Summary. [Online], Available at: https://www.lawnix.com/cases/balfour-balfour.html (Accessed: 20 August 2016). McKendrick, E. and Liu, Q. (2015) Contract Law: Australian Edition. UK: Palgrave Macmillan. Meiners, R. E., Ringleb, A.H. and Edwards, F. L. (2011) The Legal Environment of Business. USA: Cengage Learning. Stim, R. (2011) Contracts: The Essential Business Desk Reference. USA: Nolo. Stone, R. and Devenney, J. (2015) The Modern Law of Contract USA: Routledge. Turner, C. (2013) Contract Law. USA: Roultledge. Waddams, S. (2011) Principle and Policy in Contract Law: Competing or Complementary concepts. UK: Cambridge University Press.

Taglines 101

TAGLINES 101 As a business owner or service provider, few things are as important as a good tagline. After all, your tagline will appear on absolutely everything, from business cards and mailers to print ads and billboards. Your tagline will help with your branding, build your company’s identity, and (hopefully, anyway) burn itself into the minds of your current and prospective clients. A good tagline is the cornerstone of any great marketing campaign. As a copywriter, coming up with a good tagline can be one of the most challenging tasks you’ll ever encounter. At best, writing a tagline is a great creative exercise – at worst, it’s a frustrating case of writer’s block waiting to happen. Need some inspiration to help get your creative copywriting juices flowing? Read on for five tips to help you kick-start your next tagline assignment. 1. Make a list of differentiators. What makes company XYZ different from the rest? Do they offer 24/7 service, seven days a week? Are their products â€Å"green†? Have they been around longer than the other guys? Have they invented a revolutionary technique? Often, the things that make a product unique can be great starting points for a memorable tagline. 2. Think adjectives. Write down every adjective that comes to mind when you think of company XYZ’s product or services. Even better, ask them how they’d like people to see them – do they want their customers to view them as fun and exciting, or would they prefer to be known as experienced and reliable? A few good adjectives can help set the tone for your tagline. 3. Go with the flow. Now isn’t the time to censor yourself – write down absolutely everything that pops into your head, no matter how ridiculous. Spend a good 20 to 30 minutes in stream-of-consciousness mode and just write. Sure, you’ll come up with a lot of junk, but you’ll almost always come up with a few solid ideas you can run with. 4. Work together. As they say, two heads are better than one. Hunt down a coworker and have a brainstorming session instead of going it alone. Taglines can be a lot easier (and more fun) to write when you’ve got a partner. 5. Beg, borrow, and steal. Not literally, of course (that’s plagiarism) – but, spending some time looking at other companies’ taglines can help you get a sense of what works and what doesn’t. Need a starting point? Check out The 100 Best Advertising Taglines Ever  and 22 Companies With Really Catchy Slogans and Taglines– theyre good sources of inspiration for taglines for everything from paper towels to diamonds. Got any other tips for writing solid taglines? Do you have a favorite tagline? Leave a comment and share it!